Jean, my reading of the article you shared was about the challenge of getting the organization the adopt a design system. Is that your primary challenge?

If so, you'll need to sit down with your managers and ask them for more concrete guidance and support. Evangelizing in a large organization is really difficult and takes years of experience to get good at.

On the issue of keeping things consistent across multiple apps, I recommend borrowing from the version control process that your developers probably use. When a designer wants to use a new pattern, they have to document how it works, and then submit that to you before it can be added to the system. This helps to slow designers down when dreaming up wild new patterns.

Good luck!